Hi there,
①Solution A: Use a Powered USB Hub or a Y-Cable
Powered USB Hub: Connect the hub to a wall outlet and plug your drives into the hub. This completely bypasses your computer’s power supply for the drives.
Y-Cable: Many external drives come with a USB cable that has two USB-A connectors. One carries data+power, the second carries only extra power. Both connectors must be plugged into your computer’s USB ports. This allows the drive to draw power from two ports instead of one.
②Solution B: Check the Enclosure
Some cheap or old external drive enclosures have mediocre power circuitry that can’t handle sustained load. Do you have another enclosure you can test the drive in? Or can you test the bare SATA drive (if it’s a HDD/SSD) directly connected to a SATA port inside the computer to see if the problem persists? (This would rule out the enclosure).
③Plug your external drives into USB ports that are on different root hubs. Often, the blue USB 3.0 ports on the back of the motherboard are connected directly to the chipset, while the front-panel or other ports might be on a different controller. Spread your drives out across different physical ports on the computer, especially ones not next to each other.
Avoid using USB hubs for this test (unless powered for the reason above), as they share bandwidth on a single port.
④ Please uncheck the save energy in the device manager—universal serial bus controller–USB hub—properties–power management—uncheck “Allow the computer to turn off the device to save power”
